As we age, our bodies naturally become more vulnerable to a myriad of health issues. For example, with increased age and frailty comes chronic pain. Sensory issues, ranging from hearing loss to failing eyesight, also become the norm. On top of these, cognitive decline begins to take hold. By the time you reach 80, you are more likely than not to show signs of cognitive impairment.
In fact, according to the World Health Organization, 55 million people are living with dementia globally. Moreover, dementia is the seventh leading cause of death and one of the major causes of disability and dependency among older people around the world. However, despite its prevalence, new research suggests that dementia may not be an inevitable part of aging. By promptly addressing vision impairments such as cataracts and poor visual acuity, older adults can lower their dementia risk. Here’s what you need to know:
A closer look at the study findings
A 2024 investigation published in JAMA Geriatrics sought to examine the relationship between eye conditions, specifically cataracts and myopia, and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRDs). Using data from 304,953 UK Biobank participants, researchers found that cataracts are associated with lower brain volumes and an increased risk of vascular dementia. While poor visual acuity was similarly linked to higher dementia risk, myopia did not show a direct association in genetic analyses.
Interestingly, this isn’t the first study to explore the link between eye health and dementia. In 2022, a JAMA Neurology study funded by the National Institute on Aging found that up to 100,000 US dementia cases could have potentially been prevented with improved eye care. The scientists found that one of the top preventive actions that may reduce risk for Alzheimer’s and related dementias is getting vision problems corrected, through methods such as eye exams, eyeglasses, and cataract surgery.
Taken together, these studies show that vision problems add additional cognitive load to the brain and are linked to shifts in brain function and structure similar to those seen in dementia. As such, addressing correctable vision problems can be an effective intervention to protect cognitive health.
Essential eye care tips for older adults
Wear the right prescription glasses
A study from the National Health and Aging Trends project reveals that one in four U.S. adults aged 71 and older has some form of visual impairment. Distance and near-vision impairments are the most common, making daily activities and cognitive engagement more challenging. Fortunately, addressing these issues has never been easier, thanks to modern optical retailers.
Clearly, for one, offers a wide range of affordable eyeglasses that can be shipped straight to your doorstep. Their frames can be customized with single-vision, progressive, or reading lenses, ensuring that seniors’ specific vision needs are met. Keeping prescriptions up to date reduces unnecessary cognitive strain, allowing the brain to focus on processing information rather than compensating for poor eyesight.
Protect your eyes from UV rays
Cumulative exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays has been linked to eye diseases, particularly cataracts, which can contribute to dementia risk. According to Dr. Phil Hooper, president of the Canadian Ophthalmological Society, “Prolonged exposure to harmful UV rays increases the risk of developing cataracts and other eye conditions. Over time, this exposure causes the lens to become clouded, resulting in blurred or hazy vision that interferes with everyday activities.”
Wearing UV-protective sunglasses year-round is a simple yet effective way to preserve eye health. Look for high-quality sunglasses that block 100% of UVA and UVB rays. The Ray-Ban RB4147 model, for example, features large lenses that shield the entire eye area and surrounding delicate skin. Importantly, its G-15 polarized lenses provide comprehensive UV protection, helping to lower the risk of cataracts and other age-related eye diseases.
Prioritize Regular Eye Exams
Finally, routine eye exams play a crucial role in detecting vision impairments early, when treatment is most effective. Regular check-ups allow optometrists to monitor prescription changes, diagnose conditions like cataracts or glaucoma, and recommend interventions that can preserve both eye and brain health.
The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends that adults aged 65 and older undergo a comprehensive eye exam every one to two years, even if they have no noticeable symptoms. For those with a family history of eye diseases, diabetes, or other risk factors, more frequent exams may be necessary. By catching vision problems early, individuals can prevent unnecessary cognitive strain and reduce their risk of developing dementia.
The takeaway
Emerging research suggests that vision health is closely tied to cognitive function, with poor eyesight increasing the risk of dementia. The good news is that simple interventions—such as wearing the correct prescription glasses, protecting the eyes from UV rays, and undergoing regular eye exams—can go a long way in preserving both vision and brain health.
While dementia remains a complex condition with multiple contributing factors, these findings highlight an important opportunity for prevention. By taking proactive steps to maintain eye health, older adults may also be taking an essential step toward safeguarding their cognitive abilities and overall well-being.
