A cat’s eyes are sensitive to many different issues, one being eye infections. If you’ve ever noticed your cat having red, swollen, or watery eyes, then you’re not alone. Cat eye infections are a common occurrence, and it’s generally a problem that needs much attention.
In this article, we’ll talk about everything you need to know about eye infections in cats, from their causes all the way to protecting our cats from them.
What Causes Eye Infections in Cats?
Viral Infections
Viruses are one of the leading causes of eye infections in cats. They usually target other areas as well, like the respiratory system. Common types include feline herpesvirus-1 and feline calicivirus, which can easily spread from cat to cat.
Another culprit is the feline immunodeficiency virus. This suppresses the cat’s immune system, making it prone to secondary infections, including those of the eyes.
Additionally, certain strains of the feline coronavirus responsible for feline infectious peritonitis can also lead to eye infections. This is generally caused by the dry form of FIP, which also results in neurological problems like cat seizures.
Bacterial Infections
Bacteria are another common causative agent of eye infections in cats. These generally lead to conjunctivitis, the inflammation of the conjunctiva. Common types include Chlamydia felis and Mycoplasma spp.
Fungal Infections
While rare, certain types of fungi, like Aspergillus and Candida, are known to cause cat eye infections. These microbes love to stay in warm, moist, and damp environments, meaning cats who frequent these areas carry an increased risk of an eye infection.
Scratches and Trauma
In some cases, cat eye infections can stem from simple injuries and scratches. Allergens, such as dust, pollen, and grass, can irritate the eyes. Eye-related traumas can create opportunities for pathogens to cause ocular infection.
Allergies
Feline allergies can irritate the eyes, causing the cat to scratch and paw at its eyes frequently. This leads to scratches and tiny injuries, which are openings for microorganisms to enter freely and cause an infection.
Other Eye Issues
Dry eye and eyelid abnormalities are other health issues that can cause eye infections in cats. The lack of tears leaves the eyes vulnerable to infections and irritation, while eyelid abnormalities cause constant irritation, creating opportunities for pathogens.
What are the Signs of Eye Infection in Cats?
The symptoms of cat eye infections are generally straightforward, often manifesting as changes in the eye and the cat’s behavior. These include:
- Redness and Swelling. Eye infections can manifest as redness on the sclera or its surrounding tissues. This is one of the most obvious signs you’ll see in an affected cat.
- Eye Discharge and Tearing. The presence of discharge and tearing is another common sign observed in cats with an eye infection.
- Excessive Squinting and Blinking. Cats with an eye infection will squint and blink more often, mostly because of the irritation experienced.
- Rubbing and Pawing at the Eye. Constant rubbing and pawing at the eye is a clear sign of an eye infection in cats. However, this can worsen things and lead to more scratches and minor eye injuries.
- Sensitivity to Light. A cat’s eyes can be sensitive when infected. You can notice this symptom when they start to avoid rooms with lots of bright lights and prefer to stay in dimly lit areas.
How are Cat Eye Infections Diagnosed?
Veterinarians use a series of tests and methods to diagnose eye infections in cats. These include:
Eye Exam
Your vet will generally start with a full physical and eye exam, along with a few questions on your cat’s history, symptoms, and living conditions. This helps give clues on what tests should be done after.
Fluorescein Dye Test
In this test, a special dye is applied to the eye, and a special blue light illuminates it. Any damage or scratches will be highlighted.
Cytology
Cytology is a test that involves collecting a sample of eye discharge to be examined under a microscope. This helps vets identify the type of cells and possible microorganisms involved in the cat eye infection.
Culture and Sensitivity Test
If the eye infection is severe and persistent, then a culture and sensitivity test will be used. Your vet will collect a sample to be cultured. The culture helps identify the microbe and the best treatment option for it.
How to Treat Cat Eye Infections?
The treatment for eye infections in cats depends on the cause. Generally, medications come in the form of eye drops and topical ointments. These can be antibiotics, antifungals, or antivirals and should be applied on a prescribed schedule.
Oral medications are also an option, especially for cat eye infections that are caused by systemic diseases. Anti-inflammatory drugs and lubricants are often used in conjunction with these treatments to provide relief from pain.
To support healing, the cat’s diet, environment, and activity will be adjusted. The use of an Elizabethan collar is also a standard recommendation.
How are Eye Infections in Cats Prevented?
Fortunately, cat eye infections can be prevented. Here’s how you can do it:
- Clean Your Cat’s Eyes. Use a soft, damp cloth and clean your cat’s eyes regularly. This helps remove debris, dust, and bacteria.
- Groom your Cat. In addition to cleaning its eyes, you should brush your cat regularly to eliminate common allergens.
- Sanitize Living Areas. Regularly clean your cat’s bedding, pillows, water bowls, and litter boxes.
- Keep Your Cat Indoors. Having your cat stay inside can significantly reduce the risk of eye infections because of the decreased risk of pathogens and injuries.
A Last Look at Cat Eye Infections
Eye infections in cats are a serious issue, even if the signs show otherwise. Even a simple case of an eye itch can turn into something much more severe.
Fortunately, with the right treatment and care, you’ll be able to help your cat enjoy the world with its healthy eyes.
